USS S-1 (SS-105)

S-1 (SS-105) (insert link to larger image here)
Career
Ordered:
Laid down:	11 December 1917
Launched:	26 October 1918
Commissioned:	5 June 1920
Fate:	sold to the Royal Navy, then scrapped
Stricken:	24 June or 25 July 1942
General Characteristics
Displacement:	854 tons surfaced, 1062 tons submerged
Length:	219 feet 3 inches
Beam:	20 feet 8 inches
Draft:	15 feet 11 inches
Engines:	1200 hp diesels, 1500 hp electric motors
Speed:	14.5 knots surfaced, 11 knots submerged
Depth:	200 feet
Complement:	four officers, 34 men
Armament:	one three-inch/23-caliber gun later replaced by one four-inch/50-caliber gun, four 21-inch bow torpedo tubes, twelve torpedoes

USS S-1 (SS-105) was the lead boat of the United States S-class submarines (not to be confused with the later British S-class submarines). The Navy had awarded contracts for the first three S-boats under the same general specifications but of different design types. S-1 was what was known as a "Holland-type," while USS S-2 was a "Lake-type" and USS S-3 a "Government-type."

S-1's prime contactor, the Electric Boat Company, subcontracted her construction to the Fore River Shipbuilding Company of Quincy, Massachusetts. Her keel was laid down on 11 December 1917. She was launched on 26 October 1918 sponsored by Mrs. Emory S. Land, and commissioned on 5 June 1920, with Lieutenant Commander Thomas G. Berrien in command.

S-1 began her service operations in July 1920 with a cruise to Bermuda attached to Submarine Division 2, with subsequent operations out of New London, Connecticut, cruising the New England coast until 1923.

On 2 January 1923, she shifted to SubDiv Zero, a division created for experimental work, and conducted winter maneuvers in the Caribbean Sea. As a single ship division, SubDiv Zero, she returned to New London in the spring to continue experimental duty.

As part of a series of studies conducted by the United States Navy after World War I into the possibility of submarine borne observation and scouting aircraft, S-1 became the experimental platform for this project late in 1923. She was altered by having a steel capsule mounted abaft the conning tower; a cylindrical pod which could house a small collapsible seaplane, the Martin MS-1. After surfacing, this plane could be rolled out, quickly assembled, and launched by ballasting the sub until the deck was awash. These experiments were carried out into 1926 using the Martin-built plane, constructed of wood and fabric, and the all-metal Cox-Klein versions, XS-1 and XS-2. The first full cycle of surfacing, assembly, launching, retrieving, disassembly, and submergence took place on 28 July 1926, on the Thames River at New London.

Following the aircraft experiments, S-1 served as flagship for SubDiv 2 until July 1927, when she was transferred to SubDiv 4. While attached to this division, she made operational cruises to the Panama Canal Zone in 1928, 1929, and 1930, during the spring months. She visited ports at Cristobal, Canal Zone and Coco Solo, Canal Zone; Cartagena, Colombia; Kingston, Jamaica; and Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, during these cruises, and spent the remaining months of those years operating along the New England coast, out of New London.

January 1931 found her at Pearl Harbor. She remained there into 1937; first, attached to SubDiv 7, SubRon 4, then, from July 1932 to July 1933, attached to Rotating Reserve SubDiv 14. She was returned to SubDiv 7 in August 1933 and remained with that division until departing in May 1937 for Philadelphia. S-1 arrived at Philadelphia on 22 July and commenced overhaul for deactivation. She was decommissioned on 20 October.

On 16 October 1940, S-1 was recommissioned at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. She then made two cruises to Bermuda, training submariners, and returned to Philadelphia from the second cruise on 7 December 1941. There, she prepared for transfer to the United Kingdom under the Lend-Lease program. She was decommissioned and turned over to the British on 20 April 1942. Her name was struck from the Naval Vessel Register, either on 24 June or on 25 July (equal numbers of sources give each date), 1942.

S-1 served the Royal Navy as either HMS P.522 or HMS P.552 (equal numbers of sources give each number). She was returned to the United States Navy's custody on 16 October 1944, at Durban, Natal, Union of South Africa, where she was stripped of vital parts and machinery, and her hull was sold on 20 July 1945. She was scrapped at Durban on 14 September of that year.

References

This article includes information collected from the Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships.