where different, mainly in parliamentary systems; it should be noted that often a leader is both in
or dictatorships. Some states have semi-presidential systems where the head of government role is fulfilled by both the listed head of government and the head of state.
Country | Head of state | Head of government
|
---|
Afghanistan | Hamid Karzai
|
Albania | Alfred Moisiu | Fatos Nano
|
Algeria | Abdelaziz Bouteflika | Ahmed Ouyahia
|
Andorra | Joan Enric Vives Sicília (represented by Nemesi Marqués Oste) and Jacques Chirac (represented by Frédéric de Saint-Sernin) | Marc Forné Molné
|
Angola | José Eduardo dos Santos | Fernando da Piedade Dias dos Santos
|
Antigua and Barbuda | Elizabeth II, represented by Sir James Carlisle | Lester Bird
|
Argentina | Néstor Kirchner
|
Armenia | Robert Kocharyan | Andranik Markaryan
|
Australia | Elizabeth II, represented by Michael Jeffery | John Howard
|
Austria | Thomas Klestil | Wolfgang Schüssel
|
Azerbaijan | Ilham Aliyev | Artur Rasizade
|
Bahamas | Elizabeth II, represented by Dame Ivy Dumont | Perry Christie
|
Bahrain | Hamad ibn Isa Al Khalifah | Khalifah ibn Sulman Al Khalifah
|
Bangladesh | Iajuddin Ahmed | Khaleda Zia
|
Barbados | Elizabeth II, represented by Sir Clifford Husbands | Owen Arthur
|
Belarus | Alexander Lukashenko | Sergey Sidorsky
|
Belgium | Albert II | Guy Verhofstadt
|
Belize | Elizabeth II, represented by Sir Colville Young | Said Musa
|
Benin | Mathieu Kérékou
|
Bhutan | Jigme Singye Wangchuck | Lyonpo Jigme Thinley
|
Bolivia | Carlos Mesa
|
Bosnia and Herzegovina | Dragan Covic | Adnan Terzic
|
Botswana | Festus Mogae
|
Brazil | Luís Inácio Lula da Silva
|
Brunei | Hassanal Bolkiah
|
Bulgaria | Georgi Purvanov | Simeon Saxe-Coburg-Gotha
|
Burkina Faso | Blaise Compaoré | Ernest Paramanga Yonli
|
Burundi | Domitien Ndayizeye
|
Cambodia | Norodom Sihanouk | Hun Sen
|
Cameroon | Paul Biya | Peter Mafany Musonge
|
Canada | Elizabeth II, represented by Adrienne Clarkson | Paul Martin
|
Cape Verde | Pedro Pires | José Maria Neves
|
Central African Republic | François Bozizé | Célestin Gaombalet
|
Chad | Idriss Déby | Moussa Faki
|
Chile | Ricardo Lagos
|
China (PRC) | Hu Jintao | Wen Jiabao
|
Colombia | Álvaro Uribe
|
Comoros | Azali Assoumani
|
Congo (Brazzaville) | Denis Sassou-Nguesso
|
Congo (Kinshasa) | Joseph Kabila
|
Costa Rica | Abel Pacheco
|
Côte d'Ivoire | Laurent Gbagbo | Seydou Diarra
|
Croatia | Stjepan Mesic | Ivo Sanader
|
Cuba | Fidel Castro
|
Cyprus | Tassos Papadopoulos
|
Czech Republic | Václav Klaus | Vladimír Špidla
|
Denmark | Margrethe II | Anders Fogh Rasmussen
|
Djibouti | Ismael Omar Guelleh | Dileita Mohamed Dileita
|
Dominica | Nicholas Liverpool | Roosevelt Skerrit
|
Dominican Republic | Hipólito Mejía
|
East Timor | Xanana Gusmão | Mari Alkatiri
|
Ecuador | Lucio Gutiérrez
|
Egypt | Hosni Mubarak | Atef Ebeid
|
El Salvador | Francisco Flores
|
Equatorial Guinea | Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo | Cándido Muatetema Rivas
|
Eritrea | Isaias Afewerki
|
Estonia | Arnold Rüütel | Juhan Parts
|
Ethiopia | Girma Wolde-Giorgis | Meles Zenawi
|
Fiji | Josefa Iloilo | Laisenia Qarase
|
Finland | Tarja Halonen | Matti Vanhanen
|
France | Jacques Chirac | Jean-Pierre Raffarin
|
Gabon | Omar Bongo | Jean-François Ntoutoume Emane
|
Gambia | Yahya Jammeh
|
Georgia | Nino Burdzhanadze
|
Germany | Johannes Rau | Gerhard Schröder
|
Ghana | John Kufuor
|
Greece | Costis Stephanopoulos | Costas Simitis
|
Grenada | Elizabeth II, represented by Sir Daniel Williams | Keith Mitchell
|
Guatemala | Óscar Berger
|
Guinea | Lansana Conté | Lamine Sidimé
|
Guinea-Bissau | Henrique Rosa | Artur Sanhá
|
Guyana | Bharrat Jagdeo | Sam Hinds
|
Haiti | Jean-Bertrand Aristide | Yvon Neptune
|
Honduras | Ricardo Maduro
|
Hungary | Ferenc Mádl | Péter Medgyessy
|
Iceland | Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson | Davíð Oddsson
|
India | A.P.J. Abdul Kalam | Atal Bihari Vajpayee
|
Indonesia | Megawati Sukarnoputri
|
Iran | Ali Khamenei (Rahbar - "leader"); Mohammad Khatami (president)
|
Iraq | Paul Bremer (civil administrator) and Adnan Pachachi (Iraqi Governing Council president)
|
Ireland | Mary McAleese | Bertie Ahern
|
Israel | Moshe Katsav | Ariel Sharon
|
Italy | Carlo Azeglio Ciampi | Silvio Berlusconi
|
Jamaica | Elizabeth II, represented by Sir Howard Cooke | Percival Patterson
|
Japan | Akihito | Junichiro Koizumi
|
Jordan | Abdullah II | Faisal al-Fayez
|
Kazakhstan | Nursultan Nazarbayev | Daniyal Akhmetov
|
Kenya | Mwai Kibaki
|
Kiribati | Anote Tong
|
Korea (DPRK) | Kim Yong Nam ("Head of State for Foreign Affairs"); Kim Jong Il (highest administrative authority) | Pak Pong Ju
|
Korea (ROK) | Roh Moo-hyun | Goh Kun
|
Kuwait | Jabir al-Ahmad al-Jabir al-Sabah | Sabah al-Ahmad al-Jabir al-Sabah
|
Kyrgyzstan | Askar Akayev | Nikolai Tanayev
|
Laos | Khamtai Siphandon | Boungnang Vorachith
|
Latvia | Vaira Vike-Freiberga | Einars Repse
|
Lebanon | Émile Lahoud | Rafiq Hariri
|
Lesotho | Letsie III | Pakalitha Mosisili
|
Liberia | Gyude Bryant
|
Libya | Mu'ammar Al Qathafi (de facto); Zentani Muhammad az-Zentani (de jure) | Shukri Ghanem
|
Liechtenstein | Hans-Adam II | Otmar Hasler
|
Lithuania | Rolandas Paksas | Algirdas Brazauskas
|
Luxembourg | Henri | Jean-Claude Juncker
|
Republic of Macedonia | Boris Trajkovski | Branko Crvenkovski
|
Madagascar | Marc Ravalomanana | Jacques Sylla
|
Malawi | Bakili Muluzi
|
Malaysia | Tuanku Syed Sirajuddin | Abdullah Ahmad Badawi
|
Maldives | Maumoon Abdul Gayoom
|
Mali | Amadou Toumani Touré | Ahmed Mohamed Ag Hamani
|
Malta | Guido de Marco | Eddie Fenech Adami
|
Marshall Islands | Kessai Note
|
Mauritania | Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya | Sghair Ould M'bareck
|
Mauritius | Anerood Jugnauth | Paul Bérenger
|
Mexico | Vicente Fox
|
Micronesia | Joseph Urusemal
|
Moldova | Vladimir Voronin | Vasile Tarlev
|
Monaco | Rainier III | Patrick Leclercq
|
Mongolia | Natsagiyn Bagabandi | Nambaryn Enhbayar
|
Morocco | Mohammed VI | Driss Jettou
|
Mozambique | Joaquim Chissano | Pascoal Mocumbi
|
Myanmar | Than Shwe | Khin Nyunt
|
Namibia | Sam Nujoma | Theo-Ben Gurirab
|
Nauru | René Harris
|
Nepal | Gyanendra | Surya Bahadur Thapa
|
Netherlands | Beatrix | Jan Peter Balkenende
|
New Zealand | Elizabeth II, represented by Dame Silvia Cartwright | Helen Clark
|
Nicaragua | Enrique Bolaños
|
Niger | Tandja Mamadou | Hama Amadou
|
Nigeria | Olusegun Obasanjo
|
Norway | Harald V | Kjell Magne Bondevik
|
Oman | Qaboos ibn Sa'id Al Sa'id
|
Pakistan | Pervez Musharraf | Zafarullah Khan Jamali
|
Palau | Tommy Remengesau
|
Panama | Mireya Moscoso
|
Papua New Guinea | Elizabeth II, represented by Bill Skate | Sir Michael Somare
|
Paraguay | Nicanor Duarte
|
Peru | Alejandro Toledo | Carlos Ferrero
|
Phillipines | Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo
|
Poland | Aleksander Kwasniewski | Leszek Miller
|
Portugal | Jorge Sampaio | José Manuel Durão Barroso
|
Qatar | Hamad ibn Khalifah Al Thani | Abdallah ibn Khalifah Al Thani
|
Romania | Ion Iliescu | Adrian Nastase
|
Russia | Vladimir Putin | Mikhail Kasyanov
|
Rwanda | Paul Kagame | Bernard Makuza
|
St. Kitts and Nevis | Elizabeth II, represented by Sir Cuthbert Sebastian | Denzil Douglas
|
St. Lucia | Elizabeth II, represented by Dame Pearlette Louisy | Kenny Anthony
|
St. Vincent and the Grenadines | Elizabeth II, represented by Sir Frederick Ballantyne | Ralph Gonsalves
|
Samoa | Malietoa Tanumafili II | Tuila'epa Sailele Malielegaoi
|
San Marino | Giovanni Lonfernini and Valeria Ciavatta
|
São Tomé and Príncipe | Fradique de Menezes | Maria das Neves
|
Saudi Arabia | Fahd | Fahd (de jure), Abdullah (de facto)
|
Senegal | Abdoulaye Wade | Idrissa Seck
|
Serbia and Montenegro | Svetozar Marovic
|
Seychelles | France-Albert René
|
Sierra Leone | Ahmad Tejan Kabbah
|
Singapore | S.R. Nathan | Goh Chok Tong
|
Slovakia | Rudolf Schuster | Mikulás Dzurinda
|
Slovenia | Janez Drnovsek | Anton Rop
|
Solomon Islands | Elizabeth II, represented by Sir John Lapli | Allan Kemakeza
|
Somalia | Abdulkassim Salat Hassan | Hasan Abshir Farah
|
South Africa | Thabo Mbeki
|
Spain | Juan Carlos I | José María Aznar
|
Sri Lanka | Chandrika Kumaratunga | Ranil Wickremesinghe
|
Sudan | Omar Hassan Ahmad al-Bashir
|
Suriname | Ronald Venetiaan | Jules Ajodhia
|
Swaziland | Mswati III | Themba Dlamini
|
Sweden | Carl XVI Gustav | Göran Persson
|
Switzerland | Moritz Leuenberger, Pascal Couchepin, Joseph Deiss (President), Samuel Schmid, Micheline Calmy-Rey, Christoph Blocher, Hans-Rudolf Merz
|
Syria | Bashar al-Assad | Mohammed Naji al-Otari
|
Taiwan (ROC) | Chen Shui-bian | Yu Shyi-kun
|
Tajikistan | Emomali Rahmonov | Okil Okilov
|
Tanzania | Benjamin Mkapa | Frederick Sumaye
|
Thailand | Bhumibol Adulyadej | Thaksin Shinawatra
|
Togo | Gnassingbé Eyadéma | Koffi Sama
|
Tonga | Taufa'ahau Tupou IV | 'Ulukalala Lavaka Ata
|
Trinidad and Tobago | Maxwell Richards | Patrick Manning
|
Tunisia | Zine El Abidine Ben Ali | Mohamed Ghannouchi
|
Turkey | Ahmet Necdet Sezer | Recep Tayyip Erdogan
|
Turkmenistan | Saparmurat Niyazov
|
Tuvalu | Elizabeth II, represented by Faimalaga Luka | Saufatu Sopoanga
|
Uganda | Yoweri Museveni | Apolo Nsibambi
|
Ukraine | Leonid Kuchma | Viktor Yanukovych
|
United Arab Emirates | Zayed ibn Sultan Al Nahayan | Maktum ibn Rashid Al Maktum
|
United Kingdom | Elizabeth II | Tony Blair
|
United States | George W. Bush
|
Uruguay | Jorge Batlle
|
Uzbekistan | Islam Karimov | Shavkat Mirziyayev
|
Vanuatu | John Bani | Edward Natapei
|
Vatican City | John Paul II | Angelo Cardinal Sodano
|
Venezuela | Hugo Chávez
|
Vietnam | Tran Duc Luong | Phan Van Khai
|
Yemen | Ali Abdallah Saleh | Abdul Qadir Bajamal
|
Zambia | Levy Mwanawasa
|
Zimbabwe | Robert Mugabe
|