Valency
In
chemistry,
valency is the power of an
atom of an
element to combine with other atoms measured by the number of
electrons which an atom will give, take, or share to form a
chemical compound. This is related to the number of spaces left in an atom's
electron shells, which is why the only elements with valencies of zero are the noble gases.
See also: Chemical affinity, oxidation number, valency in linguistics
List of valencies for the first 103 elements in order of atomic number:
Atomic number | | Name of element | | Valency |
1 | | Hydrogen | | 1 |
2 | | Helium | | 0 |
3 | | Lithium | | 1 |
4 | | Beryllium | | 2 |
5 | | Boron | | 3 |
6 | | Carbon | | 2, 4 |
7 | | Nitrogen | | 3, 5 |
8 | | Oxygen | | 2 |
9 | | Fluorine | | 1 |
10 | | Neon | | 0 |
11 | | Sodium | | 1 |
12 | | Magnesium | | 2 |
13 | | Aluminium | | 3 |
14 | | Silicon | | 4 |
15 | | Phosphorus | | 3, 5 |
16 | | Sulfur | | 2, 4, 6 |
17 | | Chlorine | | 1, 3, 5, 7 |
18 | | Argon | | 0 |
19 | | Potassium | | 1 |
20 | | Calcium | | 3, 5 |
21 | | Scandium | | 3 |
22 | | Titanium | | 3, 4 |
23 | | Vanadium | | 2, 3, 4, 5 |
24 | | Chromium | | 2, 3, 6 |
25 | | Manganese | | 2, 3, 4, 6, 7 |
26 | | Iron | | 2, 3 |
27 | | Cobalt | | 2, 3 |
28 | | Nickel | | 2, 3 |
29 | | Copper | | 1, 2 |
30 | | Zinc | | 2 |
31 | | Gallium | | 2, 3 |
32 | | Germanium | | 4 |
33 | | Arsenic | | 3, 5 |
34 | | Selenium | | 2, 4, 6 |
35 | | Bromine | | 1, 3, 5, 7 |
36 | | Krypton | | 0 |
37 | | Rubidium | | 1 |
38 | | Strontium | | 2 |
39 | | Yttrium | | 3 |
40 | | Zirconium | | 4 |
41 | | Niobium | | 3, 5 |
42 | | Molybdenum | | 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 |
43 | | Technetium | | 2, 3, 4, 6, 7 |
44 | | Ruthenium | | 3, 4, 6, 8 |
45 | | Rhodium | | 3, 4 |
46 | | Palladium | | 2, 4 |
47 | | Silver | | 1 |
48 | | Cadmium | | 2 |
49 | | Indium | | 1, 3 |
50 | | Tin | | 2, 4 |
51 | | Antimony | | 3, 5 |
52 | | Tellurium | | 2, 4, 6 |
53 | | Iodine | | 1, 3, 5, 7 |
54 | | Xenon | | 0 |
55 | | Caesium | | 1 |
56 | | Barium | | 2 |
57 | | Lanthanum | | 3 |
58 | | Cerium | | 3, 4 |
59 | | Praseodymium | | 3 |
60 | | Neodymium | | 3 |
61 | | Promethium | | 3 |
62 | | Samarium | | 2, 3 |
63 | | Europium | | 2, 3 |
64 | | Gadolinium | | 3 |
65 | | Terbium | | 3 |
66 | | Dysprosium | | 3 |
67 | | Holmium | | 3 |
68 | | Erbium | | 3 |
69 | | Thulium | | 2, 3 |
70 | | Ytterbium | | 2, 3 |
71 | | Lutetium | | 3 |
72 | | Hafnium | | 4 |
73 | | Tantalum | | 3, 5 |
74 | | Tungsten | | 2, 4, 5, 6 |
75 | | Rhenium | | 1, 4, 7 |
76 | | Osmium | | 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 |
77 | | Iridium | | 3, 4 |
78 | | Platinum | | 2, 4 |
79 | | Gold | | 1, 3 |
80 | | Mercury | | 1, 2 |
81 | | Thallium | | 1, 3 |
82 | | Lead | | 2, 4 |
83 | | Bismuth | | 3, 5 |
84 | | Polonium | | 2, 3, 4 |
85 | | Astatine | | 1, 3, 5, 7 |
86 | | Radon | | 0 |
87 | | Francium | | 1 |
88 | | Radium | | 2 |
89 | | Actinium | | 3 |
90 | | Thorium | | 4 |
91 | | Protactinium | | 4, 5 |
92 | | Uranium | | 3, 4, 5, 6 |
93 | | Neptunium | | 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 |
94 | | Plutonium | | 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 |
95 | | Americium | | 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 |
96 | | Curium | | 2, 3, 4 |
97 | | Berkelium | | 2, 3, 4 |
98 | | Californium | | 2, 3, 4 |
99 | | Einsteinium | | 2, 3 |
100 | | Fermium | | 2, 3 |
101 | | Mendelevium | | 2, 3 |
102 | | Nobelium | | 2, 3 |
103 | | Lawrencium | | 3 |